LUN YONGZHENG CHAO KAIPI QIAN DONGNAN MIAOJIANG ZHENGCE DE YANBIAN (Policy Evolution Of Yongzheng Reign On Opening Miao Territory In Southeast Guizhou)
Author(s):
Ma, Guojun
Format:
Journal article
Citation:
Studies in Qing History, Number 4, (2007-11). pp. 17-23.
Language:
Chinese
Abstract:
The opening of Miao (Hmong) territory in southeastern Guizhou during the Yongzheng reign period (1723-35) was carried out by both suppression and pacification measures, as represented by the policies of two officials: Fang Xian and Zhang Guangsi. Though pacification measures proved to be effective, efforts to open this territory usually ended with armed force. Suppression and pacification measures were employed simultaneously. The reasons why opening Miao territory ultimately ended in suppression included 1) the inability of officials to recognize the distinctiveness of local culture and tradition, 2) the lack of legal constraints on the army, 3) the military's claiming credit for the successes of others, and 4) an inadequate control policy.