The population of most Minnesota communities has dramatically changed over the past ten years. The Minnesota State Demographic Center reports the Twin Cities area has the largest Hmong, Somali, and Liberian communities in the United States. In some communities where both jobs and affordable housing are available, the percentage of English as a Second Language (ESL) enrollment is actually 75-80%. Many ESL adults acquire English language and literacy skills with ease; others struggle to achieve a basic level of literacy. Statistically speaking, it is likely that a small percentage of ESL adults have an undiagnosed learning disability (LD). Since January of 2004 and continuing through the present, Learning Disabilities Association (LDA) of Minnesota has completed 25 "LD/ESL" assessments for non-native English speaking adults attending Adult Basic Education (ABE) or post-secondary settings. The purpose of this newsletter is to share the LD/ESL referral profile, several case histories, challenges, and outcomes. The other four topics covered in this issue include: (1) LD/ESL Assessment; (2) Case Histories; (3) Challenges; and (4) Outcomes. [Cover title may vary. For Volume 6, Number 1 of "NetNews," see ED493594.]