Family and parent experiences in welfare -to -work transition: Psychological, social and disability factors
Author(s):
Eberhard, Susie Jane
Format:
Thesis
Degree granted:
Ph.D.
Publisher:
Ann Arbor : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1999.
Pages:
440
Language:
English
Abstract:
This qualitative study examines the experience of parents and families in the transition from welfare-to-work after mandated work reform. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 24 families, and various community service program and transition agency staff. A multiple case study design compared and contrasted the experience of success and the context within which these families moved toward self-sufficiency. Findings showed that post-work-mandate experiences did not substantially differ from life prior to reform. Parents and families did not achieve levels of success anticipated under welfare reform. Instead, parents continued to work and require economic supplements to compensate for low wages and erratic income. Change was prevalent in the lives of families and in the agency directed to assist in their transition efforts. Two explanatory factors were identified that enhanced or impeded success in achieving family self-reliance. Power, or the perceived and actuated ability to meet demands, was found to be critical during the process of preparing for work. Flexibility, or the ability to change behaviors to meet changing demands, was found to be critical in determining outcomes and parent facility in managing work effects. Most surprising was the prevalence and extent of disability related functional limitation for parents and families Only two families did not have a member with a disability. Disability was associated with reliance on cash supports and problems in achieving economic self-reliance through work. Appropriate accommodation was critical for success, but few parents or family members received such accommodation. Few parents recognized that conditions were disabilities, economic need caused them to ignore limitations, and very few parents were aware of legal protections or targeted services that could help to negotiate disability barriers. This resulted in gradual accumulation of additional disabilities and more transition barriers. Two groups had transition success differences. Parents with higher levels of career development/education succeeded. Success through education required guidance and support to ensure completion and job demand fit. Hmong families had circumscribed success due to language, acculturation, job skills, demographics, and barriers within the community service agencies and business.