Writing systems created in modern times are separated into sophisticated grammatogenies (characterized by knowledge of phonetics before inventing the scripts) & unsophisticated grammatogenies (characterized by the lack of such knowledge). Among the first group is included (1) the Pollard script, devised by the Methodist missionary Samuel Pollard around 1904 for Western Hmong (Sino Tibetan, Southern China); (2) the Fraser script, an Indic-style script using Roman capital letters created by the missionary J. O. Fraser in China around 1915 for Lisu (Tibeto Burman), & (3) fictional scripts, eg, those created by J. R. R. Tolkien, Ursula K. LeGuin, & the Klingon script of the Star Trek fictional universe. Unsophisticated grammatogenies include (A) the Bamum script of the Bamum tribe in central Cameroon, invented by King Njoya based on missionary writing in the 1960s; (B) the Alaska script created for the Inuit (Eskimo Aleut) by Uyaqoq between 1901 & 1905; (C) the Ndjuka script (English creole, Suriname) created by Afaka around 1916; & (D) the Caroline Islands script invented in the early 20th century for Woleaian (Micronesian). It is held that the latter group parallels most closely the development of ancient grammatogenies (eg, Sumerian, Chinese, & Mayan), where a tendency toward deriving syllabaries from logographic systems is observed. 2 Tables, 20 References. G. Colls