THE HMONG OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA: AN INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGING FAMILY STRUCTURE DURING LIMINALITY, ACCULTURATION AND TRANSITION
Author(s):
Bishop, Kent Ausburn
Format:
Thesis
Degree granted:
Ed.D.
Publisher:
Ann Arbor : University of San Francisco, 1985.
Pages:
233
Language:
English
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem. This study presents an ethnographic investigation of the acculturation and transition of selected Hmong Families into contemporary American society. The study focuses on the changing Hmong family structure and explores the extents of role modification in family relationships, values, and traditions after resettlement in the United States. Procedures and Methods. A qualitative research design was used. The study included a preliminary survey, preliminary interviews, and key informant interviews. Three families, representing three separate Hmong clans, participated in the study. A total of 52 people were surveyed. The surveys were completed by eighteen adults representing the three families. Fifteen of the adults were interviewed in the preliminary interviews. Additional in-depth interviews were completed by two key informant participants. The data were sorted into three categories: before resettlement in the United States; after resettlement in the United States, and the modification and role changes identified in the family structure occurring after resettlement. Data analysis utilized theories of liminality and processual social drama as espoused by Victor Turner. Results. The data support that there have been significant role modification and changes in family inter-relation values, customs, and traditions after resettlement of the Hmongs in the United States. The roles of elderly men in traditional positions of leadership and the roles of women have changed most drastically. The concept of power and authority within the Hmong family structure is rapidly evolving away from the traditional patrilineal system. Conclusions. Although the Hmong family structure has experienced important changes, the research supports that the Hmong's acculturation and transition will be successful. The Hmongs' positive view of education for both adults and children will be an important factor in their future. It is suggested that further study should be conducted assessing the transition of the Hmongs in both central California and other areas in the United States. Public agencies serving the Hmong community need to continue to work toward the successful transition of the Hmongs. To insure the maximum utilization of the resources serving the present and future need of the Hmong community, it is recommended that efforts of the county, state, and federal agencies be more effectively coordinated.