Helen Ralston, Race, Class, Gender and Multiculturalism in Canada and Australia, argues that the ideology of multiculturalism has been transformed and reconstructed in the context of changing historical, economic and political circumstances (see Ralston's article for reference). Some twenty-five years since multiculturalism has been espoused by both countries, despite policies, rhetoric, strategies and programs that have extolled and attempted to institutionalize A Fair Go For All (Australia 1996) in Australia and "the equality of all Canadians in the economic, social and political life of Canada" (Canada 1988), ethnic, racial and sex discrimination and inequities still persist; the class structure within Australian society and within Canadian society (and within so-called ethnic communities of both societies), and gender inequities within the class structure, remain intact. For example, the author argues that difference rather than on inequalities among ethnic and racial categories of people, has constructed and reconstructed gender and racial inequity and that multiculturalism has done little to combat ethnocentrism, racism, classism or sexism in the work experience of South Asian immigrant women. Roberta Julian, "I Love Driving!" Alternative Constructions of Hmong Femininity in the West, examines the process of identity construction among Hmong women in Australia and in the United States. The author demonstrates that the Hmong community is not an homogeneous entity. Rather, there are significant divisions within this community on the basis of gender and class. Class positions in Laos and in Australia are important aspect of the meaning of Hmong womanhood and significantly affect the process of identity construction. An examination of the process of identity construction among Hmong women highlights the complexity of this process, alerts us to important differences within the category Hmong woman (based on class, religion, generation) and suggests the possibility of multiple Hmong femininities emerging as the outcome of struggles against multiple sources of inequality in the west The major site of opposition, however, is the Hmong community itself in so far as its patrilineal social organization and patriarchal power structure is maintained by Hmong men (women). High employment rates and the concomitant loss of independence threaten male authority. The response from male leaders is to further their claims for "tradition," with particular emphasis on clan structure and marriage. In the words of Maykon Vang: (1994) "As the Hmong culture becomes an integral part of the American society, Hmong men need to be more sensitive to their female counterparts as partners to ensure the survival of the Hmong heritage." Rodney Brod and Paul E. Miller in Race, Hunger, and Poverty on Montana Indian Reservations challenge us to explore whether quantitative methodology appropriately applied to qualitative data could constitute a "new standpoint." One of the challenges to social scientists is to always be on the alert for the ironies in studying race, gender and class. The authors illustrate how the inductive application of this one quantitative statistical method, logistic regression, can very successfully detail crucial racial differences in the hunger, poverty, and class levels found among Montana's reservation commodity food distributions on Indian reservations. This quantitative procedure permitted the clear delineation of so many important non-intuitive and ironic findings. For example, the authors have the ironic finding that the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) commodities are relatively more important as a main or only source of food to non-Indian householders than to the majority of Indian householders. Indian householders were more likely to be in the active family-raising stage, whereas non-Indian householders were more likely to be either younger (had pre-school kids) or older (retired). Consequently, the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) is not just an Indian program. The authors conclude that through thoughtful and appropriate application of both qualitative and quantitative methods in race, gender, and class studies, social scientists should also contribute to informing the rule-making process of public policies with a view to examining the counterintuitive and ironic.