The author, Jenny Balfour-Paul, recently visited southwest China and examined the significance of hemp textiles to the region's minority peoples. The production and uses of hemp among the Miao/Hmong ethnic minority in Yunnan Province were studied. Hemp has a distinct spiritual value with an integral part in the funerary rituals of the community. A hemp skirt destined for use at a funeral was described and the rituals explained. If the deceased (male or female) omitted to wear hemp clothing, their ancestors would shun them in the afterlife. Further beliefs are recorded. Some hemp garments are prepared in advance while sometimes other daily garments are adapted. Limitations on what was acceptable in fabric and fastenings are noted. The funeral itself is described with the inclusion of a sacrificial animal. Political uncertainties exist over the future of hemp growing in parts of China, which could threaten the textile techniques and rich cultural heritage of the Maio/Hmong people.