Unusual information on the linguistic diversity of Europe is presented in two alphabetical listings of living & extinct languages, respectively; one language is mentioned with commentary for each letter of the alphabet, from Arvanite to Zyrian for living minority languages & from Aequian to Zemgalian for the defunct languages, with the exception of X in the latter list. Among the former are Hmong, Iranian languages, Kurdish, & Xosa, all of which are recent arrivals via immigration & reminders of the role of immigration in European societies; the status of separate languages, dialects, & language varieties is discussed in relation to Nynorsk, Arvanite Albanian, Langue d'Oc, & Tsakonian Greek. J. Hitchcock